ShodhVarta [E-ISSN: 2583-8938] (started in 2022) is a first Journal to provide an independent platform to publish Scholarly articles in all 22 Indian languages as listed in 8th schedule of the Constitution of India. For Details Click Here. ShodhVarta Journal has a vision to be a scholarly Peer Reviewed, Peer recognised and Peer supported Journal. <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 13.02px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">New Submissions for April 2026<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 13.02px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">, Vol. 5 Issue 2 are invited. To submit Papers <a style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 13.02px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;" title="Submission article" href="http://shodhvarta.in/index.php/SVJ/about/submissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Click Here Template for Research Paper Click here Template for Review Research Paper Click here
Dr Amit Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Asst Professor, Dept. of Hindi, Central University of Punjab Bathinda-151401
The Role of Hindi Research Journals in the Digital Age
Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary Sciences
Copyright (c) 2026 Amit Kumar Singh Kushawaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Internal Financial Management and Profitability Across Capital and LaborIntensive Industries
This study examines the relationship between internal financial management practices and firm profitability in structurally divergent industries, focusing on Indian steel and textile firms. Using panel data from 50 listed manufacturing companies over the period 1995-2023, the study analyzes how liquidity management, working capital efficiency, leverage structure, and dividend policy influence return on assets (ROA). Panel regression results indicate that liquidity, measured by the current ratio, and operational efficiency, proxied by inventory turnover, are positively and significantly associated with profitability. In contrast, leverage, captured by the debt-equity ratio, demonstrates a significant negative relationship with ROA, suggesting that excessive reliance on debt may erode firm performance. Dividend payout ratio exhibits a positive association with profitability, consistent with signaling considerations, although potential reverse causality cannot be fully ruled out. Robustness checks using alternative profitability measures and diagnostic tests confirm the stability of findings. Sectoral analysis reveals that steel firms are more sensitive to leverage fluctuations, while textile firms rely more heavily on working capital efficiency. The findings highlight the economic significance of internal financial policy decisions and underscore the importance of industry-specific financial strategies in sustaining firm profitability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Renu Kumari Verma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Hidden Environmental Suffering Behind the Glitter of Festivals
Perception and Awareness of Early Career Researchers on FAIR Principles and Open Access Journals
In the era of open-access publishing, understanding researcher behaviour towards openly available scholarly content is crucial. This study examines the perceptions and awareness of early-career researchers (PG and PhD students) at the Central University of Punjab regarding open access (OA) journals and the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic details and perceptions, sampling 26 statements to gather diverse opinions across multiple communication methods, including social media and in-person interactions. Results indicate a high awareness of scholarly (79.7%) and OA journals (86.6%), yet a lower familiarity with FAIR principles (52%) and predatory journals (38.2%). Notably, a significant majority (78%) use OA data and 74% believe that journals should adopt FAIR principles. The reliance on platforms like Sci-Hub raises ethical concerns about research accessibility, while Google Scholar remains the primary search tool among these researchers. Citation preferences exhibited varied trust in OA journal quality, further exposing confusion between OA journals and platforms, which underscores the need for enhanced education in this domain. The study's findings, based solely on respondents from the Central University of Punjab, may not be applicable to other institutions or diverse researcher populations and may be influenced by a male-dominated sample. Additionally, the research is limited as it relies on self-reported data, which may be prone to inaccuracies or biases. However, the study provides valuable insights into early-career researchers' awareness and perceptions of open access and FAIR principles, addressing challenges such as the reliance on Sci-Hub and journal-platform confusion. Such insights can inform targeted educational programs and interventions, contributing to the broader discourse on enhancing research accessibility and promoting ethical scholarly practices, advantageous to OA journals, platforms, and policymakers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aqib Mehroof, Somesh Rai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Political Perspective Study of Human Rights in the Bani of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
A profound exposition of human rights, particularly political rights, can be found in the Bani of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. At a time when society was deeply afflicted by religious orthodoxy, caste discrimination, and political oppression, he delivered a powerful message of humanity, equality, and justice. His teachings reflect the proclamation of fundamental rights such as individual freedom, equality, the right to expression, and justice. The verse “Ek Noor Te Sab Jag Upjya” (From the One Divine Light, the entire world has emerged) powerfully reinforces the ideals of unity and equality among all human beings. Guru Nanak regarded political authority and governance as instruments for public welfare and raised his voice against injustice and exploitation. This study is based on qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methods, drawing upon passages from the Guru Granth Sahib and other relevant texts to examine the humanistic and political dimensions of his teachings. In conclusion, it becomes evident that the Bani of Guru Nanak Dev Ji is not merely a body of religious instruction but a profound expression of democratic and humanistic consciousness. His teachings resonate strongly with the principles enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and continue to serve as a guiding force for contemporary social, political, and ethical thought.
Copyright (c) 2026 Harjinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Level of Awareness of Online Resources and Services among High School Students in Erode District, Tamil Nadu
The study explores the degree of awareness among high school students in the Erode District, Tamil Nadu, regarding the use of online facilities and services. We conducted an interview of 400 students from government schools and private schools to explore their awareness, usage pattern, issues they face, and awareness-usage relationship. The research highlights the fact that students are highly conscious of popular websites like YouTube and Wikipedia, but they are less conscious of academic resources like the National Digital Library (NDL) and Swayam MOOCs. Their access to these resources depends upon variables such as the availability of devices, internet connectivity, digital proficiency, and support from the teacher. The research emphasizes the need for digital literacy programs, better infrastructure, and institutional backing in order to facilitate scholastic engagement with online sources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. V. Senthur Velmurugan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Guru Purnima: Human Gurus, Artificial Intelligence Guides, and the Neuroscience of Gratitude
Copyright (c) 2025 Amit Kumar Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Amit Kumar Singh Kushawaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Epilepsy in Adolescents: Stigma, Societal Integration, and Global Prevalence
This review article explores the world’s burden of epilepsy in adolescents, focusing on how stigma, society’s challenges, and levels of incidence and prevalence affect them. Researchers intend to find out how adolescents with epilepsy handle the stigma and how these reactions influence their social lives and involvement with others. Researchers gathered and evaluated data from 20 similar studies from 2000 to 2024 that were found in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases; following proper review and analysis of studies. Active epilepsy was found to be present in 6.38 out of every 1,000 people, while 7.60 out of every 1,000 experienced it throughout their lifetimes and the annual incidence was recorded as 61.44 per 100,000 person-years. The rates are much higher in low- and middle-income countries as opposed to richer ones. Even though up to 70% of patients can be helped by medical treatment that prevents seizures, many adolescents have to deal with social stigmas and feel rejected, worrisome, and worthless. Most teenagers hide their disorder from others, afraid that people will reject them because of false beliefs and prejudice. There is still inadequate integration within the society because of low education support, limited mental health care, tough economic situations, and clear signs of racial and cultural bias. Up to half of adolescents with epilepsy have extra psychiatric disorders, yet many of them are not treated well enough. To sum up, stigma remains a big obstacle for adolescents with epilepsy to be fully accepted and psychologically well. It calls for more stigma assessments that suit adolescents, additional mental health care, and suitable school-based programs. For this group to get the best care, public health strategies should be informed by studies done by age group.
Copyright (c) 2026 Radha Saini, Prof. Ajit Singh Tomar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reviving Indian Knowledge Systems in Higher Education
India's rich intellectual tradition, incorporated in its diverse Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), has for centuries contributed to global thought across disciplines such as philosophy, mathematics, medicine, linguistics, architecture, and ecology. However, colonial educational policies and post-independence academic trends led to the marginalization of these indigenous systems. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a strategic turning point, seeking to reintegrate IKS into the fabric of Indian higher education. This paper explores the historical significance of IKS, the disruptions it faced during colonial rule, and how NEP 2020 provides a framework for its revival. Through an analysis of policy provisions, institutional reforms, curriculum innovations, and teacher training strategies, the study evaluates both the potential and the challenges of embedding IKS within modern academia. It concludes by offering actionable recommendations to ensure a meaningful and sustainable integration that enriches higher education and contributes to India’s cultural resurgence and knowledge leadership on the global stage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazneen Khan, Dr.Manish Mishra, Dr.Rashmi Soni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study of the Relationship between Self-Esteem and Adjustment among Postgraduate Students
This research study was conducted to examine the relationship between self-esteem and adjustment among postgraduate students. Students are the foundation of national development; therefore, their holistic growth is essential. Self-esteem refers to an individual’s evaluation of personal worth and abilities, whereas adjustment is the process of maintaining harmony with one’s environment. Both play a crucial role in personality development and in coping with life’s challenges. The sample consisted of 120 postgraduate students from Kanpur district, belonging to the General, Other Backward Classes (OBC), and Scheduled Caste (SC) categories. The Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem, and the Adjustment Inventory for College Students was used to assess adjustment. Data were analyzed using Karl Pearson’s correlation method. The results revealed a very low positive correlation between self-esteem and adjustment among students of all three groups: General (r = 0.199), OBC (r = 0.157), and SC (r = 0.048). None of these correlations were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. This indicates that although a slight increase in adjustment accompanies an increase in self-esteem, the relationship is extremely weak. Therefore, self-esteem and adjustment appear to develop independently across all three groups. The findings suggest that for the effective personality development of students, self-esteem and adjustment should be addressed through separate and focused strategies. Support from schools and families, a positive learning environment, and opportunities for diverse experiences can significantly strengthen both of these psychological dimensions. This study is relevant not only at the individual and educational levels but also from the perspective of national development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desh Deepak, Divya Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Women's Entrepreneurship and Skill Development
India has considerable trade potential, and the relationship between entrepreneurship and skill development is essential. While having skills is important, they do not automatically lead to quality employment. Improving productivity through skill development needs to be combined with broader economic growth and job creation. Entrepreneurship is vital for the overall progress of any nation and has recently gained momentum, especially with more women getting involved. Today, women are becoming more assertive, making significant contributions to their economic goals and social status. This research paper explores the various aspects of women entrepreneurship and skill development in India. It tackles the urgent challenges that women entrepreneurs face, such as access to financial resources, societal biases, and limited market opportunities. Additionally, the study looks at how skill development programs can empower women entrepreneurs an enhance their business skills. By examining the current state of women entrepreneurship and skill development in India, this paper aims to identify key areas for policy improvement and support initiatives that foster a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial landscape for women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pooja Agnihotri, Dr. Vanya Chaturvedi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
India has the third-largest education system in the world. It is a land of diversity, where we find different cultures, regions, religions, and languages. India is famous across the world not only for its diversity but also for its great ancient educational system known as the Indian knowledge system (Bhartiya Shiksha). The main focus of Bhartiya Shiksha is on the holistic development of an individual. Holistic education is considered a vital component of individual growth because it develops innovativeness, creativity, rationality, and criticality among individuals. Considering the importance of holistic education in the life of an individual, the present case study is conducted on a school that imparts holistic education to learners with a combination of modern education and Vedantic philosophy. Self-constructed tools such as observation schedules, structured and semi-structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect the data. For analysis of the data, frequency, percentage, and content analysis techniques were employed. Findings revealed that the school provides a conducive learning environment for the holistic development of the students. Moreover, it was also observed that the school management committee efficiently managed teaching-leaning activities according to modern education guidelines and Vedantic principles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Surbhi Tak, Pallvi Sharma, Prof. Asit Kumar Mantry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Triad of Language, Characters, and Stage
The present research paper, titled “The Triad of Language, Character and Stage: Modern Theatrical Reconstruction of Characters from Indian Canonical Texts in the Light of Natyashastra”, undertakes a multidimensional analysis of the triadic interaction among the three foundational pillars of Indian theatre – language, character, and stage – using Bharata Muni’s Natyashastra as its primary theoretical framework. The study critically examines the linguistic (phonetic, syntactic, and morphological), psychological, and performative dimensions of characters embedded in ancient Indian texts such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Upanishads, Brihatkatha, Jataka tales, classical Sanskrit dramas, and Puranic narratives from the perspective of Natyashastra. By analysing dialogue structure, vachika abhinaya, the rasa-vibhava-anubhava-anubandha process, and dramatic metaphors, it demonstrates that in Natyashastra, language is not merely a medium of communication but an active performative cognition in itself. Examining the process of re-creation of these canonical characters on modern and contemporary Indian stages, the research highlights creative cultural exploration at the levels of character evolution, scenic iconicity, linguistic reconfiguration, and multilingualism. Through the triadic approach, it reveals the intersemiotic interaction among language, character, and stage, thereby establishing that ancient Indian characters can be revitalised on today’s stage within new linguistic and socio-cultural contexts. In doing so, the study reasserts the eternal relevance of Natyashastra while proposing a fresh theoretical framework for modern Indian and global performance arts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rana Vaibhavkumar Jagdishkumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Privacy Concerns in India’s Surveillance Democracy
In today's surveillance-driven culture, nearly every detail of human life is monitored, analysed, and stored by oversight institutions. However, these institutions often operate without similar scrutiny, creating an imbalance. This is enabled by laws that give government’s access to and control over citizens' personal data. This article explores the Telecommunications Act of 2023, which has been praised for replacing out-dated colonial-era telecom laws, marking a move toward decolonization. At the same time, the Act introduces measures that expand government control and surveillance, raising serious privacy concerns. The researcher uses a descriptive analysis of secondary data to discuss specific sections of the Act that have sparked criticism for potentially violating privacy rights, enabling mass surveillance, and allowing citizen profiling. These sections were selected for analysis based on legal cases related to the Telecommunications Act, 2023 that have occurred in the country.
Copyright (c) 2026 Divya Yadav, Dr. Neha Pandey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, shifting political landscapes, and complex social dynamics, the spaces that constitute civil society are both evolving and under threat. “Inclusive Futures: Strategies for Reclaiming and Expanding Civil Society Spaces” delves into the critical need for adaptive and proactive strategies to safeguard and enhance these arenas of public engagement and collective action. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges facing civil society, including restrictions on freedom of expression and diminishing public trust. It argues for a comprehensive approach that encompasses policy reform, grassroots activism, and technological innovation to foster inclusivity and resilience. Through theoretical analysis, the paper highlights strategies for reclaiming civil society spaces. Ultimately, it envisions a future where civil society not only survives but thrives, becoming more inclusive, participatory, and capable of addressing global and local issues alike.
Copyright (c) 2026 Robin Chahal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study of Urban Materialism, Elderly Exploitation, and Familial Disintegration in Ratnakumar Sambhariya’s Story ‘Keel’
The present study analyses the issues of urbanization, materialistic consciousness, and familial disintegration in contemporary India through Ratnakumar Sambhariya’s short story “Keel” (from the collection Airgun ka Ghoda, 2007). The protagonist Sonvati, a rural elderly woman, is summoned to the city by her only son Ramsharan and daughter-in-law Dhandevi solely to seize her property; she is subsequently deceived and abandoned. The research aims to establish that the materialism spreading in the name of modernity is not only dismantling joint families but also reducing parents to mere “useful objects”. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study employs the primary text as its main source and draws on existing criticism of contemporary Hindi fiction as secondary material. Through textual analysis and symbolic analysis, it demonstrates that the hammer-and-nail motif functions as a sharp satire on materialistic society. The major findings are: (i) urban migration is not merely geographical but a displacement of values; (ii) in elderly exploitation, the daughter-in-law’s role can be even more ruthless than traditional patriarchy; and (iii) Sambhariya’s story serves as a merciless mirror of today’s middle-class society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bornali Gogoi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Society Portrayed in the Folk Songs of Haryana’s Ahirwal Region
The present research paper undertakes a detailed analysis of the folk songs of the Ahirwal region of Haryana, focusing on the conflict, transition, and cultural hybridity arising between traditional and modern values. Through these folk songs, a vivid portrayal emerges of far-reaching social transformations: the mechanization of agrarian life, the disintegration of the joint family system, the replacement of brotherhood with selfishness, the journey of women from traditional suffering to modern rebellion, the pervasive influence of fashion and globalization, and the erosion of ethical values – all depicted with sharp satire. This study establishes that the folk songs of Ahirwal are not merely a means of entertainment; rather, they serve as living documents of social change and powerful instruments for the preservation and awakening of cultural consciousness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sunita Kumari, Prof. Geeta Kapil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kalamkari, an ancient Indian textile art traditionally used for religious purposes, has evolved into a significant component of sustainable fashion. This paper examines how Kalamkari has evolved from a sacred craft to a luxury, eco-conscious fashion item, while preserving its cultural integrity amid commercialization. The study fills a gap in existing literature by examining the socio-economic effects on artisans, the adaptation of traditional motifs and techniques, and the sustainability of these practices within the fashion industry. Through case studies, consumer surveys, and fashion analysis, the research investigates how Kalamkari aligns with modern fashion trends while preserving its historical significance. Key findings suggest that Kalamkari’s integration into sustainable fashion presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in terms of preserving authenticity and ensuring fair compensation for artisans. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on traditional crafts in the global fashion market, providing insights into the balance between cultural heritage and commercial success.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jyoti, Paramjit Kaur, Chatter Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Evolution of Women’s Identity in Modern Hindi Novels
In modern times, distinct voices concerning women’s identity begin to emerge in Hindi novels. These narratives explore issues such as raising a voice against the oppression of women, the awakening of women regarding their rights, the emphasis on women’s education, the rise of consciousness about their own existence, and the assertion of their identity within society. These novels not only examine these concerns but also offer indications toward possible solutions. The influence of numerous global movements related to women’s identity is clearly visible in Hindi fiction. The discourse on women’s identity has passed through various phases and continues even today. The central question here is: Why is there still a need to discuss the same issues in the present time? This paper attempts to find answers to such questions. The purpose of this article is to study Hindi novels concerned with women—from the early stages of Hindi novel writing to contemporary times.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shna Parveen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mental Health Issues in Women: The Role of Gender Socio-Economic Stressors
Mental health issues among women are influenced by a combination of social, economic, and gender-specific stressors that uniquely impact their well-being. This paper explores the role of gender socio-economic stressors in contributing to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women. By examining factors such as societal expectations, financial insecurity, caregiving responsibilities, and workplace discrimination, the paper highlights the intersectionality of these stressors and their disproportionate impact on women. The analysis also discusses the compounded effects of these stressors across various life stages, focusing on marginalized women. Finally, policy recommendations are presented to address these challenges, improve mental health outcomes, and promote gender equality. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive social and economic policies that alleviate these stressors and provide better mental health support for women.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gurpinder Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Amit Kumar Singh Kushawaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Expression of Folk Life in Bhojpuri and Assamese Work Songs
The comparative study of Bhojpuri and Assamese work songs deeply explores the expression of folk life. The primary objective of this research is to provide a new perspective on the local, cultural, and social similarities through the analysis of work songs from these two distinct regions. Through this comparative study, light is shed on the expression of labor and folk life. This study not only highlights the heritage of Bhojpuri and Assamese folk culture but also underscores their diversity through folk songs and music. The contribution of labor and work is vividly reflected in these folk songs, portraying the vibrant expression of common folk life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jitu Kumar Gupta, Prof. Jai Kaushal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Chhau: The Dance of Myths, Masks, and Movements in Eastern India
Chhau, a vibrant and dynamic dance form from eastern India, is a fascinating amalgamation of martial arts, folklore, and ceremonial traditions. Rooted in the culturally rich regions of Odisha, West Bengal, and Jharkhand, Chhau has evolved over centuries from its tribal origins linked to festivals and warfare training into a sophisticated performance art form. Characterized by its powerful use of masks, symbolic gestures, and vigorous movements, Chhau predominantly narrates mythological stories, folk tales, and local legends, offering a glimpse into the region's socio-cultural and religious fabric. The dance form is notable for its diversity, with three distinct styles—Seraikella, Mayurbhanj, and Purulia—each reflecting different approaches to movement, technique, choreography, and the usage of masks. While Seraikella and Purulia styles are distinguished by their use of intricate masks, the Mayurbhanj form relies purely on expressive movements without masks, allowing for deeper emotional engagement through facial expressions. The stories depicted through Chhau performances often draw from epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata, but also include regional folklore, creating a rich narrative tapestry. In this paper, we explore the cultural significance of Chhau, its narrative and aesthetic elements, and the nuanced variations between its three styles. Additionally, we examine its evolution in modern times, as it navigates the tension between preserving ancient traditions and embracing contemporary influences. The study highlights Chhau’s resilience as a cultural art form, its role in maintaining regional identity, and its potential for innovation in the broader context of Indian performing arts. Through this exploration, we seek to understand how Chhau, while rooted in ancient customs, continues to captivate and adapt to the changing artistic landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Richa Biswal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Psychological Impact of the 2025 Pahalgam Terrorist Attack on Tourists: Exploring Long-Term Effects
On 22nd April 2025 Pahalgam terrorist attack was an attack on tourists by five armed Islamist militants near Pahalgam in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir sent shockwaves through India's tourism landscape, particularly affecting perceptions of safety among potential and past tourists (2025 Pahalgam attack). This qualitative study seeks to explore the long-term psychological effects of the attack on tourists who were not directly present at the site but were influenced by the incident through planned travel, post-visit reflections, or media exposure. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 participants, the research aims to understand how such violent events shape emotional responses, alter travel behavior, and affect long-term mental well-being. The study adopts a purposive sampling approach, dividing the participants into three groups: those who canceled or altered their travel plans, those who visited Pahalgam after the attack, and those who were exposed to the incident through media coverage. Using thematic analysis, the research uncovers key psychological themes such as heightened anxiety, fear of the unknown, risk aversion, and shifts in destination preferences. Additionally, participants express varying levels of trust in security mechanisms and media narratives, which in turn influence their coping strategies and future travel decisions. Findings suggest that even indirect exposure to terrorism can result in significant emotional and behavioral responses, particularly among frequent or sensitive travelers. The study also highlights how individuals negotiate between personal safety and their desire for exploration, revealing the complex interplay between psychological resilience and perceived threat. Overall, the research contributes to the growing body of literature on the psychological impact of terrorism on tourism, offering valuable insights for policymakers, mental health professionals, and tourism stakeholders in designing more responsive, supportive, and secure travel environments. This study emphasizes the need to consider psychological dimensions when addressing the aftermath of terrorist events, especially in regions heavily dependent on tourism for economic and cultural vitality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mulkh Raj, Prof. Renu Nanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Science, Society and Philosophy in ancient India with Reference to Devi prasad Chattopadhyaya
This research paper explores the development of science, society and philosophy in ancient India through a Marxist lens, with particular reference to the works of Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. It critically examines how philosophical and scientific thought in early India was shaped by material conditions and class structures. Chattopadhyaya challenged the dominant spiritualist and idealistic narratives by highlighting the existence of a robust materialist and rationalist tradition, especially as seen in the Lokayata (Charvaka) school. He argued that ancient Indian science, particularly in fields like medicine (Ayurveda), was deeply secular and empirical, often in tension with religious orthodoxy. The paper emphasises Chattopadhyaya’s view that the struggle between idealism and materialism in philosophy reflected the broader class struggle within society. It also explores how the decline of materialist traditions was linked to the consolidation of Brahmanical dominance and the suppression of critical, empirical and secular knowledge. By reconstructing the history of science and philosophy from this perspective, the paper aims to offer an alternative understanding of India’s intellectual past—one that values rational inquiry and challenges hierarchical ideology. This study also highlights the relevance of Chattopadhyaya’s work for contemporary discussions on scientific temper, secularism, and the role of philosophy in social transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Anupam kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Birsa Munda’s Life and Leadership in the Context of Tribal Resistance and Cultural Heritage
Recently, the 150th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda was celebrated across India as a grand festival. Every year, on 15 November, his birth anniversary is observed as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas (National Tribal Pride Day). This day is not only meant to commemorate his martyrdom and contributions, but also to celebrate his sacrifice, dedication, ancient cultural heritage, continuous struggle, and the spirit of self-respect for the tribal community. Dharti Aaba (Father of the Earth), Bhagwan Birsa Munda, led powerful movements against British rule and simultaneously worked tirelessly to eliminate various social evils within the tribal society, such as harmful customs, superstitions, violence, and addiction. For this study, both documentary and non-documentary sources related to Birsa Munda have been used, and the article has been prepared based on the findings obtained from these sources. The study reveals that Birsa Munda devoted his entire life to the welfare of society and undertook numerous constructive and reformative initiatives. The struggles he undertook for the upliftment of the Adivasi community form the foundation of the reverence with which he is remembered today. Consequently, people across India recognize him as Bhagwan Birsa Munda, a symbol of courage, reform, and tribal pride.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sunil Kumar Sahu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study on Awareness and Use of E-Resources Among Undergraduate Students of Library and Information Science
E-resources encompass all study materials that require electronic devices for access, which can be accessed only through such devices. In today’s academic landscape, e-resources are essential for students due to their easy availability and affordability. Consequently, fostering awareness of these resources among students is crucial. The objective of this study is to assess the awareness and utilization of e-resources among undergraduate students of Library and Information Science at Sant Gahira Guru University, Ambikapur, and to identify the challenges they face while using these resources. For this study, students from colleges affiliated with the university, where undergraduate programs in Library and Information Science are offered, were selected. A questionnaire was designed and distributed through faculty members to collect primary data. The collected data were analyzed, tabulated, and the findings were documented. The study revealed that the majority of students (83.3%) were aware of e-resources, and 74.1% actively utilized them.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sunil Kumar Sahu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A review of the effect of nano urea on crop growth and development
One of the biggest challenges faced in agriculture is low nitrogen efficiency (<40%). This study investigates the effect of urea and nano urea on the growth and yield of crops at varying concentrations. Nano fertilizers also called smart fertilizers, have gained yield due to their potential to increase crop yield and environmental impacts. Nano-urea also improves nitrogen use efficiency and reduction in leaching losses. It can be toxic due to its high reactive nature and the initial cost is high compared to conventional urea. Single super phosphate (SSP) and muriate of potash (MOP) are used for phosphorus and potassium nutrients respectively. The result is estimated that nano urea significantly enhances plant height, chlorophyll content, germination rate and fruit yield compared to urea and control treatments
Copyright (c) 2025 S Dhivyalakshmi, Vijay Aravinth K https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Historical Methods: Issues of Narrativity in Historiography
This paper explores the emergence of narrative and subsequent narrativity in historical discourses. It engages with different schools of historiography to understand dualistic nature of narrative and major themes of narratology. It is seen through the lenses of cultural studies and social sciences. Narrative has changed through feminism, post-colonialism and minority studies. Though narrative is essential, it is upto the historian what to include and what to exclude while disseminating the available data i.e. facts at his/her disposal. Thereafter, it becomes the dominant narrative due to highlighting certain facts. Therefore, the responsibility of an individual historian becomes much more important to connect with the past and interpret as it was. Thus, a narrative should be rooted in temporal and spatial dimensions with consistency of facts and resultant interpretations. It is important to reconstruct the past through interpretation of narrative rather than objective empirical understanding. Historical knowledge is created through nature of narrative and content of form, not by the facts itself as historians are also human beings. We are affected by the environment, upbringing, emotions and contemporary events which shape our understanding. Reconstruction of the past depends on the accessibility to evidence which takes us closer to the truth of the past but not as it happened or one hundered percent truth. Linear time and contemporary time are both important for us to interpret the past of humanity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Yashvender Dhaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0